Design of a Fully Integrated Low Voltage, High Efficiency Capacitive, DC-DC Converter for Energy Harvesting Applications
Subject Areas : electrical and computer engineering
A.
Hassanzadeh
1
F.
Alirezaei
2
Keywords: DC-DC converterintegrated circuitenergy harvestinglow voltagelow power,
Abstract :
In this paper, a low voltage boost DC-DC converter has been presented. The circuit can be used for increasing the output voltage of miniature low voltage generators such as TEG, solar and piezoelectric. The converter is fully integrated and works with low voltages as low as 200 mV, and the output voltage can reach 1 V. Body biasing has been used to handle low input voltages. The output power density is 50 µW/mm2, and the converter uses 5 cross coupled stages with 76% efficiency. The maximum total efficiency of the converter for 6 µA load is 52%. The converter uses 0.2 mm2 of chip area using 90 nm technology.
[1] A. Richelli, S. Comensoli, and Z. M. Kovacs-Vajna, "A DC/DC boosting technique and power management for ultralow-voltage energy harvesting applications," IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 2701-2708, Jun. 2012.
[2] T. Breussegem and M. Steyaert, CMOS Integrated Capacitive DC-DC Converters, Analog Circuits, and Signal Processing, Springer, 2013.
[3] G. Campardo, R. Micheloni, and D. Novosel, VLSI-Design of Non-Volatile Memories, Springer, p. 377, 2005.
[4] L. Tianwang, J. Jinguang, Y. Bo, and H. Xingcheng, "Ultra low voltage wide tuning range voltage controlled ring oscillator," ASIC (ASICON), 2011.
[5] A. Hokazono and S. Balasubramanian, "Forward body biasing as a bulk-Si CMOS technology scaling strategy," IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 2657-2664, Oct. 2008.
[6] B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, New York, McGraw-Hill, 2002.
[7] T. Cao, D. Wisland, T. Lande, and F. Moradi, "Low-voltage, lowpower, and wide-tuning-range ring-VCO for frequency sigma-delta modulator," in Proc. NORCHIP, pp. 79-84, Tallinn, Estonia, 16-17 Nov. 2008.
[8] G. Villar-Pique, H. J. Bergveld, and E. Alarc, "Survey and benchmark of fully integrated switching power converters: switched-capacitor," IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 4156-4167, Sept. 2013.
[9] S. Sathe and J. Seo, "Analysis and optimization of CMOS switched-capacitor converters," in Proc. IEEE Symp. on Low Power Electronics and Design, pp. 327-332, Rome, Italy, 22-24 Jul. 2015.
[10] G. Pillonnet, A. Andrieu, and E. Alon, "Dual-input switched capacitor converter suitable for wide voltage gain range," IEEE J. on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, vol. 5, no. 3, pp 413-420, Sept. 2015.
[11] Y. C. Shih and B. P. Otis, "An inductorless DC-DC converter for energy harvesting with a 1.2-μW bandgap-referenced output controller," IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 832-836, Dec. 2011.
[12] Z. Chen, W. Wang, and H. Wong, "Low-voltage CMOS DC-DC converters for energy harvesting applications," in Proc. IEEE 11th Int. Conf. on ASIC, ASICON'15, 4 pp., Chengdu, China, 3-6 Nov. 2015.
[13] I. Doms, P. Merken, C. Van Hoof, and R. P. Mertens, "Capacitive power management circuit for micropower thermoelectric generators," IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 2824-2833, ???. 2009.
[14] H. Lhermet, et al., "Efficient power management circuit: from thermal energy harvesting to above-IC microbattery energy storage," IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 246-255, Jan. 2008.
[15] E. Kordetoodeshki and A. Hassanzadeh, "An ultra-low power, low voltage DC-DC converter circuit for energy harvesting applications," AEU-Intl. J. of Electronics and Communications, vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 8-18, Jan. 2019.
[16] E. Kordetoodeshki and A. Hassanzadeh, "Design of low voltage low power DC-DC converters using adiabatic technique," J. of Circuits Systems and Computers, vol. 27, no. 6, 20 pp., 15 Jun. 2017.