مدل‌سازی یک‌پارچه ترانسفورماتور حالت جامد دوطرفه: طبقه‌های یکسوساز، مبدل DC به DC و اینورتر
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی برق و کامپیوتر
حامد ملااحمدیان کاسب
1
(موسسه آموزش عالی خراسان،گروه مهندسی برق)
مرتضی شفیعی
2
(دانشگاه فردوسی،پژوهشکده هوا خورشید )
جاوید خراسانی
3
(موسسه آموزش عالی خراسان،گروه مهندسی برق)
کلید واژه: یکسوساز, مبدل DC به DC, اینورتر, ترانسفورماتور حالت جامد, مدل دینامیکی, مدل متوسط‌گیری شده,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از تجهیزات جدید و در حال رشد و توسعه در شبکه‌های قدرت مدرن، ترانسفورماتور حالت جامد یا ترانسفورماتور الکترونیک قدرت می‌باشد. این نوع از ترانسفورماتورها مبتنی بر کلیدهای نیمه‌هادی قدرت و ترانس فرکانس بالا می‌باشند و نسبت به ترانسفورماتورهای سنتی دارای قابلیت‌های متعددی از قبیل قابلیت کار با دامنه و فرکانس متغیر ولتاژ ورودی، تنظیم اتوماتیک ولتاژ خروجی و اصلاح ضریب توان ورودی هستند. ترانسفورماتور مورد بررسی، قابلیت انتقال توان دوطرفه داشته و دارای سه طبقه یکسوساز، میانی و اینورتر می‌باشد. این ترانسفورماتور دارای تعداد زیادی کلید نیمه‌هادی بوده و مدل‌سازی، تحلیل، طراحی و شبیه‌سازی آن دشوار و پیچیده است. در این گونه موارد، استفاده از تئوری متوسط‌گیری، راه حلی مناسب به نظر می‌رسد. در اين مقاله، تئوری متوسط‌گیری بر روی ترانسفورماتور حالت جامد اعمال شده و مدل‌سازی آن با روشی ساده و قدرتمند با قابلیت بررسی حالت‌های گذرا و دائمی، صورت گرفته است. مدل‌سازی پیشنهادی شامل معادلات دیفرانسیل و مدار معادل مداری بوده و مدل یک‌پارچه ترانسفورماتور با قابلیت بررسی برهم‌کنش بین طبقات را به عنوان جزیی از سیستم قدرت ارائه می‌دهد. مدل‌های حاصل در شبیه‌سازی شبکه‌های هوشمند، ریزشبکه‌های DC و اتصال منابع تولید پراکنده به شبکه و همچنین تحلیل و طراحی رفتار ترانسفورماتور حالت جامد در حوزه‌هایی چون انرژی‌های نو و حمل و نقل برقی مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند. در کنار مدل‌سازی ارائه‌شده، ساختار کنترل حلقه بسته برای هر سه طبقه پیاده‌سازی گردیده است. شبیه‌سازی ترانسفورماتور از طریق پیاده‌سازی معادلات دیفرانسیل در محیط SIMULINK نرم‌افزار MATLAB صورت پذیرفته و تأییدکننده مدل پیشنهادی می‌باشد.
: One of the new and growing equipment in modern power networks is solid state or power electronic transformer. These types of transformers are based on power semiconductor switches and high frequency transformers. Compared to traditional transformers, it has several capabilities such as the ability to operate with input voltage variations in amplitude and frequency, automatic regulation of output voltage and input power factor correction. The investigated transformer has the ability to transfer power in both directions and has three stages, including the rectifier, the middle stage and the inverter stage. This transformer has a large number of semiconductor switches and its modeling, analysis, design and simulation is difficult and complex. In particular, real-time simulation of these transformers with conventional models is not possible. In these cases, the use of averaging theory seems to be the appropriate solution. In this paper, the averaging theory is applied to a solid-state transformer and its modeling is done in a simple and powerful way with the ability to study real-time, transient and steady states performance. The proposed modeling includes differential equations and equivalent circuits and offers an integrated transformer model with the ability to study the interaction between stages as a part of power system. The presented models are used in simulation of smart grids, DC microgrids and connection of distributed generation sources to the grid, as well as analysis and design of solid-state transformer behavior in areas such as renewable energies and electrical transportation. In addition to the proposed modeling, the closed-loop control structure has been implemented for all three stages. Transformer simulation is performed by implementing differential equations in SIMULINK/MATLAB software and verified the proposed model.
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