یک روش نوین ترکیبی هوشمندانه مبادله جریان زنده ویدئویی در شبکه‌های نظیر به نظیر توری
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی برق و کامپیوتر
نغمه فرهادیان
1
(دانشگاه آزاد واحد دولت آباد)
بهرنگ برکتین
2
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی نجف آباد)
مجید هارونی
3
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دولت آباد)
بهزاد سلیمانی نیسیانی
4
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوراسگان)
کلید واژه: جریان زنده ویدئویی شبکه نظیر به نظیر توریPush,
چکیده مقاله :
فقدان یک روش کارا برای مبادله فریم‌ها به علت تأخیر زیاد در روش Pull و تعداد بالای فریم‌های تکراری در روش Push، به عنوان دو روش اصلی مبادله محتوا بین نظیرها، انگیزه‌ای قوی جهت معرفی روش‌های ترکیبی مبتنی بر این دو روش پایه جهت مبادله جریان زنده ویدئویی در شبکه‌های نظیر به نظیر توری بوده است. تحقیقات نشان داده که این روش‌ها از مشکلات ذاتی دو روش پایه رنج می‌برند، زیرا تنها تجمیعی ساده از اجرای متوالی یا موازی آنها هستند. این پژوهش به معرفی AMIN، یک روش نوین ترکیبی برای مبادله هوشمندانه فریم‌های ویدئو بین نظیرها می‌پردازد. در روش AMIN، بر خلاف روش Pull، هر نظیر نقشه وضعیت حافظه (BMS) خود را به صورت دوره‌ای به نظیرهایی تا حداکثر دو گام از خود می‌فرستند و نظیر دریافت‌کننده BMS به جای درخواست فریم از فرستنده BMS، بررسی می‌نماید خود چه فریم‌هایی را می‌تواند به سمت این نظیر ارسال نماید. همچنین بر خلاف روش Push، نظیر ارسال‌کننده فریم به دلیل وجود BMS دریافتی از همسایه خود، ارسالی کورکورانه به آن نخواهد داشت. نتایج شبیه‌سازی نشان‌دهنده افزایش قابل ملاحظه کیفیت ویدئوی دریافتی در نظیرها، کاهش تأخیر نقطه به نقطه، تأخیر دریافت و تعداد فریم‌های تکراری نسبت به دو روش پایه و مشابه اخیر است.
Lack of an efficient video frame delivery method due to high delay in Pull method and large number of duplicated frames in Push method, as the two main content delivery methods among peers, has been a strong motivator for introducing hybrid methods based on these two basic approaches for live video streaming in mesh-based peer-to-peer networks. Recent studies show that these hybrid methods suffer from inherent challenges of the two basic approaches because they are just a sequential or parallel execution of them. In this regard, this research introduces AMIN, a novel hybrid method for intelligently exchanging video frames among peers. Using AMIN, contrary to Pull, each peer sends its buffer map status (BMS) to its two-hop neighbors and the peer who receives the BMS will immediately check which video frames it can send to that peer instead of requesting missed video frames in its buffer from it. In addition, contrary to Push and because of BMS, peers do not blindly send video frames to their neighbors. Simulation results show that video quality considerably increases in peers, while End-to-End delay, received delay and the number of duplicated frames decrease in comparison with two basic methods as well as another recent similar approach.
[1] J. Li, "On peer-to-peer (P2P) content delivery," Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 45-63, 2008.
[2] M. R. Civanlar, O. Ozkasap, and T. Celebi, "Peer-to-peer multipoint video conferencing on the internet," Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 743-754, Sept. 2005.
[3] H. R. Ghaeini, B. Akbari, B. Barekatain, and A. Trivino-Cabrera, "Adaptive video protection in large scale peer-to-peer video streaming over mobile wireless mesh networks," International J. of Communication Systems, vol. 29, no. 18, pp 2580-2603, Dec. 2015.
[4] H. Ghaeini, B. Akbari, and B. Barekatain, "An adaptive packet loss recovery method for peer-to-peer video streaming over wireless mesh network, " in Emerging Technologies for Information Systems, Computing, and Management, W.E. Wong and T. Ma, Editors, pp. 713-721, New York: Springer, 2013.
[5] P. Goudarzi, "Scalable video transmission over multi-hop wireless networks with enhanced quality of experience using swarm intelligence," Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 722-736, Aug. 2012.
[6] B. Barekatain, M. Aizaini Maarof, A. Ariza Quintana, and H. R. Ghaeini, "Performance evaluation of routing protocols in live video streaming over wireless mesh networks," Jurnal Teknologi, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 85-94, May 2013.
[7] H. T. T. Tran, Y. Won, and J. Kim, "An efficient hybrid push-pull methodology for peer-to-peer video live streaming system on mobile broadcasting social media," Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 2557-2568, 2017.
[8] I. E. Richardson, The H.264 Advanced Video Compression Standard, 2 Ed., UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. p. 348, 2010.
[9] B. Barekatain, D. Khezrimotlagh, M. Maarof, H. Ghaeini, A. Quintana, and A. Cabrera, "Efficient P2P live video streaming over hybrid WMNs using random network coding," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 1761-1789, 2015.
[10] A. Bikfalvi, J. Garcia-Reinoso, I. Vidal, F. Valera, and A. Azcorra, "P2P vs. IP multicast: comparing approaches to IPTV streaming based on TV channel popularity," Computer Networks, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 1310-1325, Apr. 2011.
[11] A. S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks 4th ed. Computer Networks. 2008: Dorling Kindersley Pvt Ltd.
[12] A. Passarella, "A survey on content-centric technologies for the current internet: CDN and P2P solutions," Computer Communications, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1-32, Jan. 2012.
[13] M. Meskovic, H. Bajric, and M. Kos, "Content delivery architectures for live video streaming: hybrid CDN-P2P as the best option," in Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Communication Theory, Reliability, and Quality of Service, pp. 26-32, Chamonix, France, 29 Apr.-4 May 2012.
[14] J. A. Oliveira, F. Prado, F. M. de Lima, M. Rubinstein, and A. Sztajnberg, "Improving peer neighborhood on P2P video distribution networks using push/pull protocol," Computer Communications, vol. 61, Iss. C, pp. 17-33, May 2015.
[15] B. Barekatain, D. Khezrimotlagh, M. A. Maarof, A. A. Quintana, and A. T. Cabrera, "GAZELLE: an enhanced random network coding based framework for efficient P2P live video streaming over hybrid WMNs," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 2485-2505, 2017.
[16] C. G. Gulrel and M. Tekalp, "Peer-to-peer system design for adaptive 3D video streaming," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 108-114, May 2013.
[17] B. Barekatain, et al., "MATIN: a random network coding based framework for high quality peer-to-peer live video streaming," PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 8, Article No.:e69844, 17 pp., Aug. 2013.
[18] H. Kai-Lung, et al., "A novel scalable video streaming system on P2P networks," in Proc. Int. Conf. on Computing, Networking and Communications, ICNC’13, pp. 676-680, San Diego, CA, USA, 28-31 Jan. 2013.
[19] X. Shen, H. Yu, J. Buford, and M. Akon, Handbook of Peer-to-Peer Networking, 1 ed, London: Springer, 2010.
[20] A. Ghaffari Sheshjavani and B. Akbari, "An adaptive buffer-map exchange mechanism for pull-based peer-to-peer video-on-demand streaming systems," Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 76, no. 5, pp. 7535-7561, Mar. 2017.
[21] A. Russo and R. L. Cigno, "Delay-aware push/pull protocols for live video streaming in P2P systems," in Proc. IEEE Int Conf. on Communications, 5 pp., Cape Town, South Africa, 23-27 May 2010.
[22] T. Sanguankotchakorn and N. Krueakampliw, "A hybrid pull-push protocol in hybrid CDN-P2P mesh-based architecture for live video streaming," in Proc. 19th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symp., APNOMS’17, pp. 187-19, Seoul, South Korea, 27-29 Sept. 2017.
[23] T. Ruso, C. Chellappan, and P. Sivasankar, "Ppssm: push/pull smooth video streaming multicast protocol design and implementation for an overlay network," Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 75, no. 24, pp. 17097-17119, Oct. 2016.
[24] R. Rodriguez-Sanchez, J. L. Martinez, G. Fernandez-Escribano, J. M. Claver, and J. L. Sanchez, "Reducing complexity in H.264/AVC motion estimation by using a GPU," in Proc. 13th IEEE Int. Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, MMSP’11, 6 pp., Hangzhou, China, 17-19 Oct. 2011.
[25] M. Wang and B. Li, "R2: random push with random network coding in live peer-to-peer streaming," IEEE J. on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 1655-1666, Dec. 2007.
[26] Z. Xiangyang and H. Hassanein, "Treeclimber: a network-driven push-pull hybrid scheme for peer-to-peer video live streaming," in Proc. IEEE 35th Conf. on Local Computer Networks, LCN’10, pp. 368-371, Denver, CO, USA, 10-14 Oct. 2010.
[27] M. Zhang, J. G. Luo, Z. Li, and S. Q. Yang, "A peer-to-peer network for live media streaming using a push-pull approach," in Proc. of the 13th Annual ACM Int. Conf. on Multimedia, pp. 287-290, Hilton, Singapore, 6-11 Nov. 2005.
[28] F. Wang, Y. Xiong, and J. Liu, "mTreebone: a hybrid tree/mesh overlay for application-layer live video multicast," in Proc. of IEEE 27th Int. Con. on Distributed Computing Systems , ICDCS 07, pp. 49-49, Toronto, Canada 25-27 Jun. 2007.
[29] J. Duhwan, H. Sumi, K. Eunsam, and L. Wonjun, "Adaptive push-pull protocols for P2P-based video streaming," IEICE Trans. on Communications, vol. E94-B, no. 10, pp. 2759-2762, Oct. 2011.
[30] L. Renato, A. Russo, and D. Carra, "On some fundamental properties of P2P push/pull protocols," in Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Communications and Electronics, ICCE’08, pp. 67-73, Hoi An, Vietnam, 4-6 Jun. 2008.
[31] A. Ghanbari, H. R. Rabiee, M. Khansari, and M. Salehi, "PPM-a hybrid push-pull mesh-based peer-to-peer live video streaming protocol," in Proc. IEEE 21st Int. Conf. on Computer Communications and Networks, 8 pp., Munich, Germany, 30 Jul.-2 Aug. 2012.
[32] M. Zhang, Y. Tang, L. Zhao, J. G. Luo, and S. Q. Yang, "Gridmedia: a multi-sender based peer-to-peer multicast system for video streaming," in Proc. Int. Conf. on Multimedia and Expo, ICME’05, pp. 614-617, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 6-6 Jul. 2005.
[33] A. Russo and R. Lo Cigno, "Delay-aware push/pull protocols for live video streaming in P2P systems," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications, ICC’10, 5 pp., Cape Town, South Africa, 23-27 May 2010.
[34] H. B. T. Lan and H. S. Nguyen, "A low-delay push-pull based application layer multicast for P2P live video streaming," in Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Knowledge and Systems Engineering, KSE’11, pp. 104-111, Hanoi, Vietnam, 14-17 Oct. 2011.
[35] Z. Li, Y. Yu, X. Hei, and D. H. K. Tsang, "Towards low-redundancy push-pull P2P live streaming," in Proc. of the 5th International ICST Conf. on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness, 7 pp., HongKong, 28-31Jul. 2008.
[36] D. Qiu and R. Srikant, "Modeling and performance analysis of BitTorrent-like peer-to-peer networks," SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 367-378, Oct. 2004.
[37] S. Xie, B. Li, G. Y. Keung, and X. Zhan, "Coolstreaming: design, theory, and practice," IEEE Trans. on Multimedia, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1661-1671, Dec. 2007.
[38] B. Li, et al., "Inside the new coolstreaming: principles, measurements and performance implications," in Proc. the 27th IEEE Conf. on Computer Communications, INFOCOM’08, pp. 1031-1039, Phoenix, AZ, USA, 13-18 Apr. 2008.
[39] C. Y. Keong, P. K. Hoong, and C. Ting, "Efficient hybrid push-pull based P2P media streaming system," in Proc. IEEE 17th Int. Conf. on Parallel and Distributed Systems, pp. 735-740, Tainan, Taiwan, 7-9 Dec. 2011.
[40] E. Kim, B. Kang, and C. Lee, "A hybrid push/pull streaming scheme using interval caching in P2P VOD systems," IEICE Trans. on Information and Systemsvol. 100-D, no. 3, pp. 582-586, Mar. 2017.
[41] S. M. Ronaghi, "A hybrid push-pull overlay network for peer-to-peer video streaming," International J. of Peer to Peer Networks, vol. 6, no. 1, 9 pp., Feb. 2015.
[42] C. Lee, S. Kim, and E. Kim, "Expediting P2P video delivery through a hybrid push-pull protocol," Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 3-8, Nov. 2015.
[43] H. Ayatollahi, M. Khansari, and H. R. Rabiee, "A push-pull network coding protocol for live peer-to-peer streaming," Computer Networks, vol. 130, pp. 145-155, Jan. 2018.
[44] DENACAST. DENACAST: P2P video streaming simulation framework. 2011; Available from: http://www.omnetpp.org/omnetpp/doc_details/2260-denacast.