Design and Simulation of a New Micro-Displacement Sensor Based on Negative Refraction Photonic Crystal
Subject Areas : electrical and computer engineering
1 - Golestan University
Keywords: Heuristic methodsbattery energy storageenergy arbitragemaximum profitabilitypeak shaving,
Abstract :
In this paper, design and simulation of a new micro-displacement sensor based on photonic crystal fixed and movable segments is presented. It has been shown that using negative refraction photonic crystal in the fixed segment, the transmitted power is concentrated on the entrance of the movable segment, and the sensor specifications are improved. Based on the FDTD simulation results, the sensitivity, the operational displacement range and the regression coefficient of the proposed sensor are 1.1 (a-1), 0.35a and 0.99848, respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed sensor has a good performance and could well be used in micro-displacement measuring systems.
References:
[1] W. Suh, M. F. Yanik, O. Solgaard, and S. Fan, "Displacement-sensitive photonic crystal structures based on guided resonance in photonic crystal slabs," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 82, no. 13, pp. 1999-2001, Feb. 2003.
[2] W. Suh, O. Solgaard, and S. Fan, "Displacement sensing using evanescent tunneling between guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 033102-033104, Jun. 2005.
[3] O. Levy, B. Z. Steinberg, M. Nathan, and A. Boag, "Ultrasensitive displacement sensing using photonic crystal waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 86, no. 10, pp. 104102-104104, Jan. 2005.
[4] Z. Xu, L. Cao, C. Gu, Q. He, and G. Jin, "Micro-displacement sensor based on line-defect resonant cavity in photonic crystal," Opt. Express., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 298-305, 2006.
[5] Z. Xu, L. Cao, P. Su, Q. He, G. Jin, and G. Gu, "Micro-displacement sensor with large dynamic range based on photonic crystal co-directional coupler," IEEE J. Quantum. Electron., vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 182-187, Feb. 2007.
[6] D. Yang, H. Tian, and Y. Ji, "Micro-displacement sensor based on high-Q nanocavity in slot photonic crystal," Optical Engineering, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 544021-544026, May 2011.
[7] A. Bag, M. Neugebauer, U. Mick, S. Christiansen, S. A. Schulz, and P. Banzer, Towards Fully Integrated Photonic Displacement Sensors, arXiv: 1909.04478v1, 2019.
[8] J. D. Joannopoulos, S. G. Johnson, J. N. Winn, and R. D. Meade, Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light, 2nd Edition, Princeton Univ. Press, 2008.
[9] K. Fasihi and S. Mohammadnejad, "Orthogonal hybrid waveguides: an approach to low crosstalk and wideband photonic crystal intersections design," IEEE J. Lightwave. Technol., vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 799-805, Mar. 2009.
[10] K. Fasihi and S. Mohammadnejad, "Highly efficient channel-drop filter with a coupled cavity-based wavelength-selective reflection feedback," Opt. Express., vol. 173, no. 11, pp. 8983-8997, 2009.
[11] K. Fasihi, "High-contrast all-optical controllable switching and routing in nonlinear photonic crystals," IEEE J. Lightwave. Technol., vol. 32, no. 18, p. 3126-3131, Sept. 2014.
[12] R. Paghousi and K. Fasihi, "High-contrast controllable switching based on polystyrene nonlinear cavities in 2D hole-type photonic crystals," Opt. Commun., vol. 415, no. 15, pp. 101-106, Jan. 2018.
[13] W. Aroua, S. Haxha, and F. Abdelmalek, "Nano-optic label-free biosensors based on photonic crystal platform with negative refraction," Opt. Commun., vol. 285, no. 7, pp. 1970-1975, Apr. 2012.
[14] J. Derbali, F. Abdelmalek, S. S. B. Obayya, H. Bouchriha, and R. Letizia, "Design of a compact photonic crystal sensor," Opt. Quant. Electron., vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 463-472, Oct. 2011.
[15] F. Ouerghi, F. Abdelmalek, S. Haxha, R. Abid, H. Mejatty, and I. Dayoub, "Nanophotonic sensor based on photonic crystal structure using negative refraction for effective light coupling," IEEE J. Lightwave. Technol., vol. 27, no. 15, pp. 3269-3274, May 2009.
[16] J. Derbali, F. Abdelmalek, and H. Bouchriha, "A novel design of a photonic crystal sensor with improved sensitivity," Optik., vol. 124, no. 19, pp. 3936-3939, 2013.
[17] W. Belhadj, D. Gamra, F. Abdelmalek, and H. Bouchriha, "Design of photonic crystal superlens with improved image resolution," Opt. Quant. Electron., vol. 37, no. 37, pp. 575-586, May 2005.
[18] F. Abdelmalek, "Design of a novel left-handed photonic crystal sensor operating in aqueous environment," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 188-190, Feb. 2011.
[19] V. G. Veselago, "The electrodynamic of substances with simultaneously negative values of ε and μ," Sov. Phys., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 509-514, Jan. 1968.
[20] D. Dovzhenko, V. Terekhin, K. Vokhmincev, A. Sukhanova, and I. Nabiev, "Improvement of antigen detection efficiency with the use of two-dimensional photonic crystal as a substrate," in IOP Conf. Series: J. of Physics: Conf., Series 784, 4 pp., 2017.
[21] A. Saynatjoki, M. Mulot, K. Vynck, D. Cassagne, J. Ahopelto, and H. Lipsanen, "Properties, applications and fabrication of photonic crystals with ring-shaped holes in silicon-on-insulator," Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 42-46, Apr. 2008.
[22] K. Satoh and Y. Tsuji, "A study on photonic crystal slab waveguide with absolute photonic band gap," AIMS Materials Science, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 116-126, Feb. 2018.
[23] C. Y. Liu, "Fabrication and optical characteristics of silicon-based two-dimensional photonic crystal Mach-Zehnder interferometers," Physica E, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 2800-2804, Jun. 2008.
[24] C. Y. Liu, "Fabrication and optical characteristics of silicon-based two-dimensional wavelength division multiplexing splitter with photonic crystal directional waveguide couplers," Physics Letters A., vol. 375, no. 28, pp. 2754-2758, Jul. 2011.
[25] S. H. G. Teo, A. Q. Liu, M. B. Yu, and J. Singh, "Fabrication and demonstration of square lattice two-dimensional rod-type photonic bandgap crystal optical intersections," Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 103-115, May 2006.
[26] O. E. Orsel, M. Erdil, C. Yanik, and S. Kocaman, "Tuning of 2D rod-type photonic crystal cavity for optical modulation and impact sensing," in Proc. of SPIE. 10931, p. 109310E, 2019.
[27] H. Li et al., "Millimeter-scale and large-angle self-collimation in a photonic crystal composed of silicon nanorods," IEEE Photonics J., vol. 5, no. 2, p. 2201306, Apr. 2013.
[28] C. Kraeh, A. Popsecu, M. Schieber, H. Hedler, T. Bieniek, G. Wielgoszewski, M. Moczala, and J. Finley, "Fabrication of high aspect ratio microtube arrays for 2D photonic crystals," Materials Research Express, vol. 1, p. 026201, 2014.
[29] N. Malmir and K. Fasihi, "A highly-sensitive label-free biosensor based on two dimensional photonic crystals with negative refraction," J. Mod. Opt., vol. 64, no. 20, pp. 2195-2200, Jan. 2017.
[1] W. Suh, M. F. Yanik, O. Solgaard, and S. Fan, "Displacement-sensitive photonic crystal structures based on guided resonance in photonic crystal slabs," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 82, no. 13, pp. 1999-2001, Feb. 2003.
[2] W. Suh, O. Solgaard, and S. Fan, "Displacement sensing using evanescent tunneling between guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 033102-033104, Jun. 2005.
[3] O. Levy, B. Z. Steinberg, M. Nathan, and A. Boag, "Ultrasensitive displacement sensing using photonic crystal waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 86, no. 10, pp. 104102-104104, Jan. 2005.
[4] Z. Xu, L. Cao, C. Gu, Q. He, and G. Jin, "Micro-displacement sensor based on line-defect resonant cavity in photonic crystal," Opt. Express., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 298-305, 2006.
[5] Z. Xu, L. Cao, P. Su, Q. He, G. Jin, and G. Gu, "Micro-displacement sensor with large dynamic range based on photonic crystal co-directional coupler," IEEE J. Quantum. Electron., vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 182-187, Feb. 2007.
[6] D. Yang, H. Tian, and Y. Ji, "Micro-displacement sensor based on high-Q nanocavity in slot photonic crystal," Optical Engineering, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 544021-544026, May 2011.
[7] A. Bag, M. Neugebauer, U. Mick, S. Christiansen, S. A. Schulz, and P. Banzer, Towards Fully Integrated Photonic Displacement Sensors, arXiv: 1909.04478v1, 2019.
[8] J. D. Joannopoulos, S. G. Johnson, J. N. Winn, and R. D. Meade, Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light, 2nd Edition, Princeton Univ. Press, 2008.
[9] K. Fasihi and S. Mohammadnejad, "Orthogonal hybrid waveguides: an approach to low crosstalk and wideband photonic crystal intersections design," IEEE J. Lightwave. Technol., vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 799-805, Mar. 2009.
[10] K. Fasihi and S. Mohammadnejad, "Highly efficient channel-drop filter with a coupled cavity-based wavelength-selective reflection feedback," Opt. Express., vol. 173, no. 11, pp. 8983-8997, 2009.
[11] K. Fasihi, "High-contrast all-optical controllable switching and routing in nonlinear photonic crystals," IEEE J. Lightwave. Technol., vol. 32, no. 18, p. 3126-3131, Sept. 2014.
[12] R. Paghousi and K. Fasihi, "High-contrast controllable switching based on polystyrene nonlinear cavities in 2D hole-type photonic crystals," Opt. Commun., vol. 415, no. 15, pp. 101-106, Jan. 2018.
[13] W. Aroua, S. Haxha, and F. Abdelmalek, "Nano-optic label-free biosensors based on photonic crystal platform with negative refraction," Opt. Commun., vol. 285, no. 7, pp. 1970-1975, Apr. 2012.
[14] J. Derbali, F. Abdelmalek, S. S. B. Obayya, H. Bouchriha, and R. Letizia, "Design of a compact photonic crystal sensor," Opt. Quant. Electron., vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 463-472, Oct. 2011.
[15] F. Ouerghi, F. Abdelmalek, S. Haxha, R. Abid, H. Mejatty, and I. Dayoub, "Nanophotonic sensor based on photonic crystal structure using negative refraction for effective light coupling," IEEE J. Lightwave. Technol., vol. 27, no. 15, pp. 3269-3274, May 2009.
[16] J. Derbali, F. Abdelmalek, and H. Bouchriha, "A novel design of a photonic crystal sensor with improved sensitivity," Optik., vol. 124, no. 19, pp. 3936-3939, 2013.
[17] W. Belhadj, D. Gamra, F. Abdelmalek, and H. Bouchriha, "Design of photonic crystal superlens with improved image resolution," Opt. Quant. Electron., vol. 37, no. 37, pp. 575-586, May 2005.
[18] F. Abdelmalek, "Design of a novel left-handed photonic crystal sensor operating in aqueous environment," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 188-190, Feb. 2011.
[19] V. G. Veselago, "The electrodynamic of substances with simultaneously negative values of ε and μ," Sov. Phys., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 509-514, Jan. 1968.
[20] D. Dovzhenko, V. Terekhin, K. Vokhmincev, A. Sukhanova, and I. Nabiev, "Improvement of antigen detection efficiency with the use of two-dimensional photonic crystal as a substrate," in IOP Conf. Series: J. of Physics: Conf., Series 784, 4 pp., 2017.
[21] A. Saynatjoki, M. Mulot, K. Vynck, D. Cassagne, J. Ahopelto, and H. Lipsanen, "Properties, applications and fabrication of photonic crystals with ring-shaped holes in silicon-on-insulator," Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 42-46, Apr. 2008.
[22] K. Satoh and Y. Tsuji, "A study on photonic crystal slab waveguide with absolute photonic band gap," AIMS Materials Science, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 116-126, Feb. 2018.
[23] C. Y. Liu, "Fabrication and optical characteristics of silicon-based two-dimensional photonic crystal Mach-Zehnder interferometers," Physica E, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 2800-2804, Jun. 2008.
[24] C. Y. Liu, "Fabrication and optical characteristics of silicon-based two-dimensional wavelength division multiplexing splitter with photonic crystal directional waveguide couplers," Physics Letters A., vol. 375, no. 28, pp. 2754-2758, Jul. 2011.
[25] S. H. G. Teo, A. Q. Liu, M. B. Yu, and J. Singh, "Fabrication and demonstration of square lattice two-dimensional rod-type photonic bandgap crystal optical intersections," Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 103-115, May 2006.
[26] O. E. Orsel, M. Erdil, C. Yanik, and S. Kocaman, "Tuning of 2D rod-type photonic crystal cavity for optical modulation and impact sensing," in Proc. of SPIE. 10931, p. 109310E, 2019.
[27] H. Li et al., "Millimeter-scale and large-angle self-collimation in a photonic crystal composed of silicon nanorods," IEEE Photonics J., vol. 5, no. 2, p. 2201306, Apr. 2013.
[28] C. Kraeh, A. Popsecu, M. Schieber, H. Hedler, T. Bieniek, G. Wielgoszewski, M. Moczala, and J. Finley, "Fabrication of high aspect ratio microtube arrays for 2D photonic crystals," Materials Research Express, vol. 1, p. 026201, 2014.
[29] N. Malmir and K. Fasihi, "A highly-sensitive label-free biosensor based on two dimensional photonic crystals with negative refraction," J. Mod. Opt., vol. 64, no. 20, pp. 2195-2200, Jan. 2017.