A New Method for Performance Evaluation of Wind Turbines and Wind Farms Using Extended Capacity Factor – Case Study of Manjil Wind Farm
Subject Areas : electrical and computer engineering
Hamed
Delkhosh
1
(تربیت مدرس)
Mostafa
Parniani
2
Keywords: Capacity factor, wind turbine, Manjil wind farm, performance evaluation,
Abstract :
Nowadays, with the increasing share of wind power in electrical energy sector, performance evaluation indices are of great importance. Such indices can lead to optimal utilization of invested capital and effective development of existing wind farms. Despite having some of the required characteristics, the capacity factor based on traditional definition has some limitation. This study aims to extend the concept of capacity factor and presents a comprehensive formulation in order to calculate this index using measured and simulated data for one turbine, all turbines connected to a feeder or a busbar, and all turbines of a wind farm. This formulation also provides a framework for calculating the capacity factor in various time periods (annual, seasonal, monthly, etc.) and different time slots (all hours, special hours, hourly, etc.). As a case study, performance of the installed wind turbines in Manjil wind farm is investigated over an operation period using both measured and simulated data. Performance evaluation of the farm is also carried out with a newer variable speed type. Moreover, capacity factors of the feeders, busbars, and the entire farm are calculated using the turbines simulated data as well as measured data of the feeders over an operation period, and various results of exploring the obtained capacity factors are presented. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of newly presented method for the performance evaluation of wind turbines and wind farms based on extended concept of capacity factor.
[1] Council, G.W.E., Global Wind Report; Annual Market Update, Global Wind Energy Council, 2020.
[2] -, Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Organization of Iran, http://www.satba.gov.ir/en/. 2020.
[3] P. Veers, et al., "Grand challenges in the science of wind energy," Science, vol. 366, no. 6464, Article No.: eaau2027, 2019.
[4] M. Sathyajith, Wind Energy: Fundamentals, Resource Analysis and Economics, Springer Science & Business Media, 2006.
[5] A. Sedaghat, et al., "Optimization of capacity factors based on rated wind speeds of wind turbines," Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 22 pp., 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1740834
[6] A. Mostafaeipour and H. Abarghooei, "Harnessing wind energy at Manjil area located in north of Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1758-1766, Aug. 2008.
[7] B. Sobhani, V. Z. Safarian, and M. K. Kianian, "Potentiometric mapping for wind turbine power plant installation Guilan province in Iran," J. of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 1363-1368, Aug 2018.
[8] N. Nikandish and H. Akbari Gamsari, "Study of Manjil wind changes and its position in sustainable development of the area," Geography and Development Iranian J., vol. 18, no. 59, pp. 149-170, Summer 2020.
[9] م. قاسمی بوسجین، ع. جعفری، س. س. محتسبی و ک. قرئلی، "شبیه¬سازی عددی توربین بادی محور افقی در مزرعه بادی منجیل همراه با تحلیل رژیم بادی،" مجله مهندسی مکانیک مدرس، دوره 17، شماره 9، صص 85-75، آذر 1396.
[10] S. J. Ghoushchi, S. Manjili, A. Mardani, and M. K. Saraji, "An extended new approach for forecasting short-term wind power using modified fuzzy wavelet neural network: a case study in wind power plant," Energy, vol. 223, Article No.: 120052, 15 May 2021.
[11] P. Alamdari, O. Nematollahi, and M. Mirhosseini, "Assessment of wind energy in Iran: a review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 836-860, Jan. 2012.
[12] A. Mostafaeipour, "Feasibility study of offshore wind turbine installation in Iran compared with the world," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 1722-1743, Sept. 2010.
[13] S. M. Bina, S. Jalilinasrabady, H. Fujii, and H. Farabi-Asl, "A comprehensive approach for wind power plant potential assessment, application to northwestern Iran," Energy, vol. 164, pp. 344-358, 1 Dec. 2018.
[14] A. Teimourian, A. Bahrami, H. Teimourian, M. Vala, and A. Oraj Huseyniklioglu, "Assessment of wind energy potential in the southeastern province of Iran," Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 329-343, 2020.
[15] S. Moradi, H. Yousefi, Y. Noorollahi, and D. Rosso, "Multi-criteria decision support system for wind farm site selection and sensitivity analysis: case study of Alborz Province, Iran," Energy Strategy Reviews, vol. 29, Article No.: 100478, May 2020.
[16] م. رمضانی، م. ر. حقی‌فام، م. پارسامقدم و حسین سیفی، "ارزیابی احتمالاتی قابلیت تبادل کلی شبکه‌های انتقال در حضور مزرعه‌های بادی،" نشریه مهندسی برق و مهندسی کامپیوتر ایران، سال 7، شماره 3، صص. 223-211، پاییز 1388.
[17] ح. افراخته و ی. بستانی املشی، "روشی جدید به منظور خوشه‌بندی داده‌های سرعت باد در نیروگاه‌های بادی با استفاده از الگوریتم‌های FCM و PSO،" نشریه مهندسی برق و مهندسی کامپیوتر ایران، سال 8، شماره 3، صص. 214-210، پاییز 1389.
[18] C. Jung and D. Schindler, "Wind speed distribution selection-a review of recent development and progress," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 114, Article No.: 109290, Oct. 2019.
[19] E. C. Morgan, et al., "Probability distributions for offshore wind speeds," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 15-26, Jan. 2011.
[20] P. Wais, "Two and three-parameter Weibull distribution in available wind power analysis," Renewable Energy, vol. 103, pp. 15-29, Apr. 2017.
[21] D. Petkovic, et al., "An appraisal of wind speed distribution prediction by soft computing methodologies: a comparative study," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 84, pp. 133-139, Aug. 2014.
[22] F. H. Mahmood, A. K. Resen, and A. B. Khamees, "Wind characteristic analysis based on Weibull distribution of Al-Salman site, Iraq," Energy Reports, vol. 6, Supplement 3, pp. 79-87, 2020.
[23] Y. Ali, M. Butt, M. Sabir, U. Mumtaz, and A. Salman, "Selection of suitable site in Pakistan for wind power plant installation using analytic hierarchy process (AHP)," J. of Control and Decision, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 117-128, 2018.
[24] T. J. Chang and Y. L. Tu, "Evaluation of monthly capacity factor of WECS using chronological and probabilistic wind speed data: a case study of Taiwan," Renewable Energy, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 1999-2010, 2007.
[25] T. Ayodele, et al., "Wind distribution and capacity factor estimation for wind turbines in the coastal region of South Africa," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 64, pp. 614-625, Dec. 2012.
[26] M. H. Soulouknga, S. Y. Doka, N. Revanna, N. Djongyang, and T. C. Kofane, "Analysis of wind speed data and wind energy potential in Faya-Largeau, Chad, using Weibull distribution," Renewable Energy, vol. 121pp. 1-8, Jun. 2018.
[27] A. Ulazia, et al., "Seasonal air density variations over the east of Scotland and the consequences for offshore wind energy," in Proc. IEEE 7th Int Conf. on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, ICRERA’18, pp. 261-265, Paris, France. 14-17 Oct. 2018.
[28] N. Boccard, "Capacity factor of wind power realized values vs. estimates," Energy Policy, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 2679-2688, Jul. 2009.
[29] D. Argueso and S. Businger, "Wind power characteristics of Oahu, Hawaii," Renewable Energy, pt A, vol. 128, pp. 324-336, Dec. 2018.
[30] T. L. Acker, et al., "Wind resource assessment in the state of Arizona: inventory, capacity factor, and cost," Renewable Energy, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1453-1466, 2007.
[31] س. ح. دلخوش و م. پرنیانی، بررسی و ارزیابی عملکرد توربین‌های مزرعه بادی منجیل، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، 1394.
[32] G. R. Faghani, Z. N. Ashrafi, and A. Sedaghat, "Extrapolating wind data at high altitudes with high precision methods for accurate evaluation of wind power density, case study: Center of Iran," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 157, pp. 317-338, 2018.