per Iranian Research Institute for Electrical Engineeringفصلنامه مهندسی برق و مهندسی کامپيوتر ايران16823745168237452024-06221114articleAbdollah Mirzabeigimirzabeigi@acecr.ac.ir1ali kalantarniaali.kalantarnia@gmail.com2ACECRACECRWith the advancement of science, in many control methods, the neighbor system is used to better control and synchronize between different information of microgrids. There are problems in accessing and transmitting information through communication links. In this article, vulnerability and acceptance of secondary control methods are distributed. Also, denial-of-service (DoS) cyber-attacks, sensors and actuators, and hijacking on the island microgrid have been investigated. In addition to stability, synchronization is also analyzed in this article. Multi-agent systems have been used for synchronization. Cyber-attacks are mathematically formulated in the controller. A suitable controller is designed to eliminate the attacks. In the stability and synchronization of frequency and voltage, the Lyapunov function is presented and simultaneous analysis of stability and synchronization has been done with practical proofs. The resilience factor has been calculated for different attacks. It is shown that the system is resilient against cyber-attacks. A case study has been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to approve the theoretical issues.http://ijece.org/Article/43144Islanded microgrid cyber-attacks multi-agent systems distributed hierarchical controllersper Iranian Research Institute for Electrical Engineeringفصلنامه مهندسی برق و مهندسی کامپيوتر ايران16823745168237452024-062211526articleMoslem Amini Faskhoodimoslemamini@stu.yazd.ac.ir1Aliakbar Damaki Aliabadalidamaki@yazd.ac.ir2Electrical Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd, IranElectrical Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd, IranWith the ongoing growth of the power networks and the increase of the short circuit current level in the power network, it’s necessary to use the equipment for limiting the short circuit faults. One of these equipment is fault current limiters (FCLs) based on variable reactor that they have simple structure and effective performance. This paper presents an optimal design of new fault current limiter based on variable series reactor. It is very important to obtain the optimal dimensions of the proposed FCL to achieve the best performance with considering parameters of the FCL such as performance time, initial inductance and final inductance. Hence, at the first, the proposed plan is introduced and then an analytical modeling based on equations of the reactor is used to evaluate and optimize the proposed FCL. Finally, the results of optimization are compared with results of primary design. These results confirm that the performance of optimal plan is much better than the primary plan.http://ijece.org/Article/41842Short circuit current variable series reactor initial and final inductance optimization performance timeper Iranian Research Institute for Electrical Engineeringفصلنامه مهندسی برق و مهندسی کامپيوتر ايران16823745168237452024-062212738articleAlimohammad Mohammadpour Behbida.mohammadpourb@gmail.com1Mohammad Reza Alizadeh Pahlavanimr_alizadehp@mut.ac.ir2Arash Dehestani Kolagara_dehestani@mut.ac.ir3Alireza Davaridavari@sru.ac.ir4Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Iranدانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشترFaculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, IranFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training UniversityIn this paper, two predictive control methods for dual output multilevel rectifier are compared. The investigated structure is a seven-level PUC rectifier, which was selected based on high reliability and low cost. Increasing the number of input voltage levels helps to reduce the amount of harmonics and consequently reduce the size of power filters. On the other hand, current conduction in this converter is performed continuously and the problems of current discontinuity such as complexity in analysis and the requirement to use large induction filters on the DC side are solved. First, the design is accomplished based on the FCS-MPC method and two different output voltages with ratios of 1 and 3 are obtained. Also, the control of output DC voltages and unity input power factor is well provided. Then, to achieve better stability, the MPC method based on Lyapunov theory has been utilized. In this method, the target variables are defined in the Lyapunov function and the cost function is derived from the same Lyapunov function. The advantages of this approach compared to the conventional MPC method are no need for gain adjustment, easier implementation and fewer sensors (the load current is estimated using the PUC7 rectifier mathematical model). The simulation of both FCS-MPC and predictive control based on Lyapunov method is carried out using Matlab/Simulink and the results of both methods are presented and compared with each other. Finally, it can be seen that in the Lyapunov-based method, the tracking of the reference current is smoother and with less fluctuations, and the seven-level rectifier voltage also has a more regular and sinusoidal waveform.http://ijece.org/Article/44941Lyapunov function finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) multi-level converter seven-level PUC converter (PUC7)per Iranian Research Institute for Electrical Engineeringفصلنامه مهندسی برق و مهندسی کامپيوتر ايران16823745168237452024-062213949articleRamazan Havangihavangi@birjand.ac.ir1S. H.simin_hosseinzade@birjand.ac.ir2دانشگاه بیرجندThe most important issue for a mobile robot is orientation. Success in localization is one of the four main needs in orientation, which include: perception, localization, recognition and movement control. How to provide an accurate localization solution for mobile robots is essential in many IoT applications. To achieve this goal, in this article, a method based on two-part Kalman filter is proposed for localization of mobile robot. The proposed algorithm consists of two parts, the first part is statistical linear regression and the second part is a Kalman filter with state error vector. The proposed method is tested in comparison with the new hybrid TLNF/UK method on circular, rectangular and z-shaped motion paths that are accompanied by noise. The experimental results show that the proposed method has been able to achieve better localization accuracy and it is also observed that the estimation errors in the proposed method are less and it has been able to increase the estimation accuracy compared to the combined TLNF/UK method.http://ijece.org/Article/32504Mobile robot Kalman filter two-part Kalman filter robot localizationper Iranian Research Institute for Electrical Engineeringفصلنامه مهندسی برق و مهندسی کامپيوتر ايران16823745168237452024-062215058articleMorteza Shafiee NeyestanakMshafiee_n@yahoo.com1Iman Kazemiiman_kazemi@mut.ac.ir2Malek Ashtar University of TechnologyMalek Ashtar University of TechnologyCovert Communication technique is developed for LPD communication in military and civil applications. Artificial Noise (AN) is the method to confuse eavesdropper and assure data transmission. But, generating AN in wide range of frequencies and times is very challenging. Furthermore, it reveals the transmitter or challenges it for synchronization to confuse eavesdropper about environmental noise. This paper proposes a method based on Spread Spectrum as well as self-jamming as AN to solve the problems. By spreading the spectrum, we can generate AN in wide range of frequencies and times, at low power and cost-effective manner. Consequently, there is no need to synchronization. Simulation and numerical results indicate, partial band jammer, effectively confuse the eavesdropper by 1.8 dB margin at JSR = -5 dB. In the situations, transmitter and receiver may communicate at BER = 10^-3 for Eb/N > 8.3 dB. The paper simulates the proposed method for various types of jamming and reports the results where, multitone jamming is rejected for this application as artificial noise. Single-tone jammer also can confuse the eavesdropper by 2.6 dB margin at JSR = -5 dB and TRX communications quality equal to BER = 10-3 for Eb/N > 10.9 dBhttp://ijece.org/Article/44066Covert Communication (CC) Spread Spectrum Direct Sequence Artificial Noise (AN) Jammingper Iranian Research Institute for Electrical Engineeringفصلنامه مهندسی برق و مهندسی کامپيوتر ايران16823745168237452024-062215966articleAbdolreza Mohammadiabm8210@gmail.com1Amin Jajarmia.jajarmi@ub.ac.ir2عضو هیات علمیThis paper addresses the problem of distributed detection of stochastic sparse signals in a wireless sensor network. Observations/local likelihood ratios in each sensor node are quantized into 1-bit and sent to a fusion center (FC) through non-ideal channels. At the FC, we propose two sub-optimal detectors after that the data are fused based on the locally most powerful test (LMPT). We obtain the quantization threshold for each sensor node via an asymptotic analysis of the performance of the detector. It is realized that the quantization threshold depends on the bit error probability of the channels between the sensor nodes and the FC. Simulation results are carried out to confirm our theoretical analysis and to depict the performance of the proposed detectors.http://ijece.org/Article/41771wireless sensor network locally most powerful sparse signal non-ideal channel quantizationper Iranian Research Institute for Electrical Engineeringفصلنامه مهندسی برق و مهندسی کامپيوتر ايران16823745168237452024-062216775articleMahdi Tayyeb Massoudmahdi.tm@gmail.com1Hossein Khaleghibizaki@yahoo.com2Malek Ashtar University of TechnologyThe directional modulation is a prominent and practical technique for enhancing the physical layer security in modern communication systems. In this method, the message signal is modulated by an array of antennas and transmitted in a specific direction to the legitimate receiver, such that in other directions, the signal is destroyed and not receivable by eavesdroppers. By incorporating random frequency diverse array directional modulation, secure communication can be achieved in both angular and distance dimensions for the legitimate receiver. However, when the eavesdropper is located near the legitimate receiver, the confidentiality performance of this solution significantly deteriorates. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel approach that combines artificial noise with random frequency diverse array directional modulation and optimizes power allocation to attain the maximum secrecy rate. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed approach improves the secrecy rate of the physical layer security by at least one bit per second per hertz compared to the method without artificial noise, and by at least two bits per second per hertz compared to the phased array directional modulation.http://ijece.org/Article/44177Physical layer security random frequency diverse array directional modulation artificial noise secrecy rateper Iranian Research Institute for Electrical Engineeringفصلنامه مهندسی برق و مهندسی کامپيوتر ايران16823745168237452024-062217682articleAlireza Dolatabadyalireza.dolatabady@abru.ac.ir1 Ayatollah Boroujerdi UniversityIn this paper, the performance of a temperature sensor based on plasmonic structure including a slot waveguide coupled with a stub resonator has been investigated. The results have been attained based on the dependency of dispersion equation, and so, the resonance frequency of the stub, to electric permittivity of the constructing material of the structure, InSb, which is also dependent to the ambient temperature. The design of the structure has been carried out for frequencies in terahertz spectra. The simulation results confirm an approximate linear relation between the resonance frequencies and ambient temperature, between 260-350 Kelvin. Also, a criterion has been assigned for evaluation the sensitivity and the performance temperature span of the proposed sensor. The calculated sensitivity is about 1×10-10 Kelvin per Hertz in the mentioned temperature interval. The sensor measurement resolution depends on the frequency resolution of the detection system. This simple sensor can be utilized in various chemical and bio systems.http://ijece.org/Article/41936InSb plasmonic resonator temperature sensor terahertz