ijece-202605192220260519223109CMV Verlagkhoffmann@cmv-verlag.comCMV VerlagNashriyyah -i Muhandisi -i Barq va Muhandisi -i Kampyutar -i Iranijece168237459212017152M.ArabzadehH.SeifiMohammad KazemSheikh El Eslami9212017738210.66224/ijece.28241.15.2.73http://ijece.org/en/Article/28241http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28241http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28241http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28241http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28241http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28241http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28241http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28241[1] , Special Protection Schemes and Remedial Action Schemes, NERC Report, Apr. 2013. [2] , Special Protection Schemes, ENTSOE Subgroup-System Protection and Dynamics, Mar. 2012. [3] A. P. Martinez, C. R. Fuerte, and D. R. Vega, "Global transient stability-constrained optimal power flow using an OMIB reference trajectory," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 392-403, Feb. 2010. [4] Y. Xu, Z. Y. Dong, and J. Zhao, "Trajectory sensitivity analysis on the equivalent one-machine-infinite-bus of multi-machine systems for preventive transient stability control," IET Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 276-286, 2015. [5] M. Yin, C. Y. Chung, and K. P. Wong, "An improved iterative method for assessment of multi-swing transient stability limit," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 2023-2029, Nov. 2011. [6] B. Y. Bagde and P. M. Meshram, "A hybrid decomposition method for transient stability assessment of large power system," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology, ICETET'10, pp. 401-406, Nov. 2010. [7] A. P. Martinez, C. R. Fuerte, and D. R. Vega, "SIME and trajectory sensitivity-based transient stability-constrained optimal power flow," in Proc. IEEE Conf., Power and Energy Society General Meeting PES'13, 5 pp., Jul. 2013. [8] Y. Xu and Z. Y. Dong, "A hybrid method for transient stability-constrained optimal power flow computation," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1769-1777, Nov. 2012. [9] X. Tu and L. A. Dessaint, "A global approach to transient stability constrained optimal power flow using a machine detailed model," IEEE J. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 32-41, Feb. 2013. [10] A. P. Martinez, C. R. Fuerte, and D. R. Vega, "A new practical approach to transient stability-constrained optimal power flow," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1686-1696, Aug. 2011. [11] J. Zhao and G. Chen, "A novel SIME and sensitivity based model and algorithm of transient stability constrained optimal power flow," in Proc. Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PES'15, pp. 26-30, Jul. 2015. [12] T. Hiraiwa, T. Omi, and K. Nakamura, "A novel transient stability screening approach using prony analysis and SIME," in Proc. IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conf., APPEEC'14, pp. 113-119, 7-10 Dec. 2014. [13] Y. Oubbati and S. Arif, "Securing transient stability assessment using single machine equivalent SIME method," in Proc. Int. Conf. on Electrical Engineering, ICEE'15, 6 pp., 13-15 Dec. 2015. [14] I. R. Pordanjani, H. A. Abyaneh, and K. Mazlumi, "Risk reduction in special protection systems by using an online method for transient instability prediction," Elsevier, Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 156-162, Feb. 2010. [15] M. Esmaili, A. A. Hajnoroozi, and H. A. Shayanfar, "Risk evaluation of online special protection systems," Elsevier, Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 137-144, Mar. 2012. [16] M. Liu, H. Sun, and B. Zhang, "PMU measurements and EMS models based transient stability online forecasting," in Proc. Power & Energy Society General Meeting, PES'09, 8 pp., 26-30 Jul. 2009. [17] T. Jiang, H. Jia, and N. Zhou, "Projection pursuit: a general methodology of wide-area coherency detection in bulk power grid," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 2776-2786, Jul. 2016. [18] A. Vahidinia, G. Ledwich, and E. Palmer, "Generator coherency and area detection in large power systems," IET Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 874-883, Sept. 2012. [19] Y. J. Wang and C. W. Liu, "A PMU based special protection scheme: a case study of Taiwan power system," Elsevier, Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 215-223, Mar. 2006. [20] Y. J. Wang and C. W. Liu, "Voltage stability indices comparison on the IEEE-39 bus system using RTDS," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Power System Technology POWERCON'12, 6 pp., 30 Oct.-2 Nov. 2012. [21] P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control, in Power Engineering, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.B.YousefiS.SoleymaniB.MozafariS. A.Gholamian9212017839210.66224/ijece.28242.15.2.83http://ijece.org/en/Article/28242http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28242http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28242http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28242http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28242http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28242http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28242http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28242[1] L. Parsa and H. A. Toliyat, "Fault-tolerant interior-permanent-magnet machines for hybrid electric vehicle applications," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 1546-1552, Jul. 2007. [2] L. Parsa and H. A. Toliyat, "Five-phase permanent magnet motor drives for ship propulsion applications," in Proc. IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symp., pp. 371-378, Philadelphia, USA, 27-27 Jul. 2005. [3] P. T. Norton and P. E. Thompson, "The naval electric ship of today and tomorrow," in Proc. 3rd All Electric Ship Symp, pp. 80-86, Paris, France, Oct. 2000. [4] Y. Zhang and J. Zhu, "Direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor with reduced torque ripple and commutation frequency," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 235-248, Jan. 2011. [5] L. Zhong, M. F. Rahman, W. Y. Hu, and K. W. Lim, "Analysis of direct torque control in permanent magnet synchronous motor drives," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 528-536, May 1997. [6] K. N. Pavithran, R. Parimelalagan, and M. R. Krishnamurthy, "Studies on inverter-fed five-phase induction motor drive," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 224-235, Apr. 1988. [7] P. Wheeler, J. Rodriguez, J. Clare, L. Empringham, and A. Weinstein, "Matrix converters: a technology review," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 276-288, Apr. 2002. [8] C. Ortega, A. Arias, C. Caruana, J. Balcells, and G. M. Asher, "Improved waveform quality in direct torque control of matrix-converter-fed PMSM drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 2101-2110, May 2010. [9] D. Casadei, G. Serra, and A. Tani, "The use of matrix converters in direct torque control of induction machines," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 1057-1064, Dec. 2001. [10] A. Y. Talouki, S. A. Gholamian, and M. Yousefi-Talouki, "Harmonic elimination in switching-table based direct torque control of five-phase PMSM using matrix converter," in Proc. IEEE Conf. on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research, SHUSER'12, pp. 777-782, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 24-27 Jun. 2012. [11] S. S. Refaat, H. Abu-Rub, M. S. Saad, and E. M. Aboul-Zahab, "Detection and discrimination between unbalanced supply and phase loss in PMSM using ANN-based protection scheme," in Proc. 7th IEEE GCC Conf. and Exhibition, pp. 430-435, Doha, Qatar, 17-20 Nov. 2013. [12] Z. Zhuo, "Instantaneous power control of permanent magnet synchronous machine," Proceedings of the CSEE, vol. 27, no. 15, pp. 38-42, May 2007. [13] H. A. Toliyat, L. Xu, and T. A. Lipo, "A five-phase reluctance motor with high specific torque," IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 659-667, May 1992. [14] H. A. Toliyat, S. P. Waikar, and T. A. Lipo, "Analysis and simulation of five-phase synchronous reluctance machine including third harmonic of airgap MMF," IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 332-339, Mar. 1998. [15] L. Parsa and H. A. Toliyat, "Five-phase permanent-magnet motor drives," IEEE Industry Applications Society, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 30-37, Jan. 2005. [16] C. Jianbo and H. Yuwen, "Direct active and reactive power control of PMSM," in Proc. IEEE 6th Int. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conf., pp. 1808-1812, Wuhan, China, 17-20 May 2009. [17] M. Malinowski, M. Jasinski, and M. P. Kazmierkowski, "Simple direct power control of three-phase PWM rectifier using space-vector modulation (DPC-SVM)," IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 447-454, Apr. 2004.S.Hakimi92120179310210.66224/ijece.28243.15.2.93http://ijece.org/en/Article/28243http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28243http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28243http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28243http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28243http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28243http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28243http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28243[1] Y. Yang, J. N. Chang, J. C. Liu, and C. H. Liu, "Maximum log-likelihood function-based QAM signal classification over fading channels," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 77-94, Jan. 2004. [2] J. R. Treichler, "Application of blind equalization techniques to voiceband and RF modems," IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 25, no. 14, 443-451, Jul. 1992. [3] Q. Yang, O. Dayton, L. Xue, Z. Ruolin, V. Chakravarthy, and W. Zhiqiang, "Software-defined radio based automatic blind hierarchical modulation detector via second-order cyclostationary analysis and fourth-order cumulant," in Proc. Military Communications Conf. (MILCOM), vol. 25, pp. 441-446, San Diego, CA, USA,Nov. 2013. [4] W. Sue, L. X. Jefferson, and Z. Mengchou, "Real-time modulation classification based on maximum likelihood," IEEE Comm Letters, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 801-803, Nov. 2008. [5] Y. Yang and S. S. Soliman, "A suboptimal algorithm for modulation classification," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 38-45, Jan. 1997. [6] A. K. Nandi and E. E. Azzouz, "Algorithms for automatic modulation recognition of communication signals," IEEE Trans. on Communication, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 431-436, Apr. 1998. [7] L. Hong and K. C. Ho, "BPSK abd QPSK modulation classification with unknown signal level," in IEEE Military Communications Conf., MILCOM'00, vol. 2, pp. 976-980, Oct. 2000. [8] A. E. El-Mahdy and N. M. Namazi, "Classification of multiple M-ary frequency-shift keying signals over a Rayleigh fading channel," IEEE Trans. on Communication, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 967-974, Jun. 2002. [9] S. Z. Hsue and S. S. Soliman, "Automatic modulation classification using zero-crossing," IEE Proceedings F - Radar and Signal Processing, vol. 137, no. 6, pp. 459-464, Dec. 1990. [10] B. G. Mobasseri, "Digital modulation classification using constellation shape," Signal Processing, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 251-277, Feb. 2000. [11] E. E. Azzouz and A. K. Nandi, " Automatic identification of digital modulation types,," Signal Processing, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 55-69, Nov. 1995. [12] J. Lopatka and P. Macrej, "Automatic modulation classification using statisticalmoments and a fuzzy classifier," in Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Signal Processing, ICSP'00, vol. 3, pp. 1500-1506, Beijing, China, Aug. 2000. [13] N. Chani and R. Lamontagne, "Neural networks applied to the classification of spectral features for automatic modulation recognition," in Proc. IEEE Military Communications Conf., MILCOM'93, Boston, MA, USA, vol. 1, pp. 111-115, Oct. 1993. [14] G. Hagedorn, B. James, and C. Miller, "Neural network recognition of signal modulation types," Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks , vol. 7, pp. 170-175, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, Nov. 1997. [15] C. Louis and P. Sehier, "Automatic modulation recognition with neural network," in Proc. IEEE Military Communications Conf., MILCOM'94, vol. 13, pp. 713-717, Fort Monmouth, NJ, USA, Oct. 1994. [16] L. Mingquan, X. Xianci, and L. Leming, "Cyclic spectral features based modulation recognition," in International Conf. on Communications Technology, ICCT'96, vol. 2, pp. 792-795, Beijing, China, May 1996. [17] Y. Zhao, G. Ren, X. Wang, Z. Wu, and X. Gu, "Automatic digital modulation recognition using artificial neural networks," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Neural Networks & Signal Processing, ICNNSP'03, vol. 1, pp. 257-260, Nanjing, China, Dec. 2003. [18] H. Mustafa and M. Dorolovacki, "Digital modulation recognition using SVM classifier," in Proc. 38th Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Systems and Computers, vol. 2, pp. 2238-2242, Pacific Grove, CA, USA, Nov. 2004. [19] E. Avci, D. Hanbay, and A. Varol, "An expert discretewavelet adaptive network based fuzzy inference systemfor digital modulation recognition," Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 582-589, Oct. 2007. [20] A. E. Zadeh and M. Aredebilipour, "Numericalmethods for signal identification," J. of Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 34-42, Jul. 2008. [21] M. W. Aslam, Z. Zhu, and A. K. Nandi, "Automatic modulation classification using combination of genetic programming and KNN," IEEE Trans. on Wireless Communications, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 2742-2750, Aug. 2012. [22] P. Hoeher, "A statistical discrete-time model for the WSSUS multipath channel," IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 461-468, Nov. 1992. [23] D. Godard, "Self-recovering equalization and carrier tracking in two-dimensional data communication systems," IEEE Trans. on Communications, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 1867-1875, Nov. 1980. [24] J. R. Treichler and B. G. Agee, "A new approach to multipath correction of constant modulus signals," IEEE Trans. on Acoustics, Speech Signal Processing, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 459-472, Apr. 1983. [25] N. K. Jablon, "Joint blind equalization, carrier recovery and timin recovery for high-orde QAM signal constellations," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1383-1398, Jun. 1992. [26] R. Johnson, P. Schniter, T. J. Endres, J. D. Behm, D. R. Brown, and R. A. Casas, "Blind equalization using the constant modulus criterion: a review," Proceedings of the IEEE , vol. 86, no. 10, pp. 1927-1950, Oct. 1998. [27] J. G. Proakis, Digital Communications, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001. [28] S. Haykin, Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation, 2nd ed., New Jersey, USA: Prentice-Hall, 1999. [29] C. L. P. Sehier, "Automatic modulation recognition with a hierarchical neural network," in Proc. Military Communications Conf., MILCOM'93, vol. 12, pp. 111-115, New York, USA, Oct. 1993. [30] M. Riedmiller and H. Braun, "A direct adaptive method for faster backpropagation learning: the RPROP algorithm," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Neural Networks, vol. 1, pp. 586-591, Apr. 1993. [31] D. T. Pham, A. Ghanbarzadeh, E. Koc, S. Otri, S. Rahim, and S. Zaidi, "The bees algorithm, a novel tool for complex optimization problems," in Proc. 2nd Int Virtual Conf. on Intelligent Production Machines and Systems, IPROMS'06, vol. 2, pp. 454-459, Jul. 2006. [32] Y. Wang, L. Li, J. Ni, and S. Huang, "Feature selection using tabu search with long-term memories and probabilistic neural networks," J. of Pattern Recognition Letter, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 661-670, May 2009. [33] A. A. Minai and R. D. Williams, "Back-propagation heuristics: a study of the extended delta-bar-delta algorithm," in Proc. Int. Joint Conf. on Neural Networks, vol. 2, pp. 595-600, San Diego, California, US, Jun. 1990. [34] D. Karabog and B. Basturk, "On the performance of artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm," Applied Soft Computing, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 687-697, Jan. 2008. [35] K. S. Tang, K. F. Man, S. Kwong, and Q. He, "Genetic algorithms and their applications," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 22-37, Nov. 1996. [36] R. Eberhart and J. Kennedy," A new optimizer using particle swarm theory," in Proc. of Int. Sym. on Micro Machine and Human Science, vol. 6, pp. 39-43, Oct. 1995. [37] D. T. Gillespie, "Moment expansion representation of probability density functions," American J. of Physics, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 552-555, Jun. 1981.B.Khajeh-ShalalyG.Shahgholian921201710311310.66224/ijece.28244.15.2.103http://ijece.org/en/Article/28244http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28244http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28244http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28244http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28244http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28244http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28244http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28244[1] A. Masaoud, H. W. Ping, S. Mekhilef, A. Taallah, and H. Belkamel, "Design and implementation of a new multilevel DC-link three-phase inverter," J. of Power Electronics, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 292-301, Mar. 2014. [2] C. Zhang, J. M. Guerrero, J. C. Vasquez, and E. A. A. Coelho, "Control architecture for parallel-connected inverters in uninterruptible power systems," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 5176-5188, Jan. 2016. [3] H. Deng, R. Oruganti, and D. Srinivasan, "Analysis and design of iterative learning control strategies for UPS inverters," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1739-1751, Jun. 2007. [4] M. Aamir, K. A. Kalwar, and S. Mekhilef, "Review: uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 1395-1410, May 2016. [5] K. R. Sekhar and S. Srinivas, "Discontinuous decoupled PWMs for reduced current ripple in a dual two-level inverter fed open-end winding induction motor drive," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 2493-2502, Aug. 2012. [6] G. Shahgholian and N. Izadpanahi, "Improving the performance of wind turbine equipped with DFIG using STATCOM based on input-output feedback linearization controller," Energy Equipment and Systems, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 65-79, Jun. 2016. [7] E. Pouresmaeil, D. Montesinos-Miracle, and O. Gomis-Bellmunt, "Control scheme of three-level NPC inverter for integration of renewable energy resources into AC grid," IEEE Systems J., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 242-253, May 2012. [8] G. Shahgholian, J. Faiz, and M. Jabbari, "Voltage control techniques in uninterruptible power supply inverters: a review," International Review of Electrical Engineering, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1531-1542, Aug. 2011. [9] J. S. Lim, C. Park, J. Han, and Y. Lee, "Robust tracking control of a three-phase DC-AC inverter for UPS applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 61, no. 8, pp. 4242-4251, Aug. 2014. [10] B. Zhang, D. Wang, K. Zhou, and Y. Wang, "Linear phase lead compensation repetitive control of a CVCF PWM inverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1595-1602, Apr. 2008. [11] Y. S. Choi, H. H. Choi, and J. W. Jung, "An adaptive sliding-mode control technique for three-phase UPS system with auto-tuning of switching gain," Electrical Engineering, vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 373-383, Dec. 2014. [12] G. Shahgholian and Z. Azimi, "Analysis and design of a DSTATCOM based on sliding mode control strategy for improvement of voltage sag in distribution systems," Electronics, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1-12, Jul. 2016. [13] A. Hasanzadeh and H. Mokhtari, "A simplified droop method implementation in parallel UPS inverters with proportional-resonant controller," Iranian J. of Science and Technology, Trans. B, Engineering, vol. 33, no. B2, pp. 163-178, Apr. 2009. [14] H. Zaman, X. Zheng, S. Khan, H. Ali, and X. Wu, "Hysteresis modulation-based sliding-mode current control of z-source DC-DC converter," in Proc. of the IEEE/IPEMC, vol. 1, pp. 321-324, May 2016. [15] H. Deng, R. Oruganti, and D. Srinivasan, "Neural controller for UPS inverters based on B-spline network," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 899-909, Feb. 2008. [16] P. C. Loh, M. J. Newman, D. N. Zmood, and D. G. Holmes, "A comparative analysis of multi-loop voltage regulation strategies for single and three-phase UPS systems," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1176-1185, Sep. 2003. [17] J. Faiz, G. Shahgholian, and M. Ehsan, "Stability analysis and simulation of a single-phase voltage source UPS inverter with two-stage cascade output filter," European Trans. on Electrical Power, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 29-49, Jan. 2008. [18] N. M. Abdel-Rahim and J. E. Quaicoe, "Analysis and design of a multiple feedback loop control strategy for single-phase voltage-source UPS inverters," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 532-541, Jul. 1996. [19] I. Boiko, L. Fridman, and R. Iriarte, "Analysis of chattering in continuous sliding mode control of a buck converter," in Proc. of the IEE/ACC, vol. 4, pp. 2439-2444, Jun. 2005. [20] O. Kukrer, H. Komurcugil, and A. Doganalp, "A three-level hysteresis function approach to the sliding-mode control of single-phase UPS inverters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 3477-3486, Sep. 2009.S.Azimi SardariB.Mirzaeian DehkordiM.Niroomand921201711412010.66224/ijece.28245.15.2.114http://ijece.org/en/Article/28245http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28245http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28245http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28245http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28245http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28245http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28245http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28245[1] E. Trishan and L. Patrick, "Comparison of photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking techniques," Trans. of Energy Conversion, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 439-449, Jun. 2007. [2] D. P. Hohmand and M. E. Ropp, "Comparative study of maximum power point tracking algorithm," in Proc. of the 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf., pp. 1699-1702, 15-22 Sept. 2000. [3] C. Hua and C. Shen, "Comparative study of peak power tracking techniques for solar storage systems," in Proc. of the 13th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf. and Exposition, APEC'98, vol. 2, pp. 697-685, 15-19 Feb. 1998. [4] Y. Kim, H. Jo, and D. Kim, "A new peak power tracker for cost-effective photovoltaic power systems," in Proc. of the 31st Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conf., IECEC'96, pp. 1673-1678, 11-16 Aug. 1996. [5] J. H. R. Enslin, M. Wolf, and W. Swiegers, "Integrated photovoltaic maximum power point tracking converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 769-773, Dec. 1997. [6] A. Brambilla, M. Gambarara, A. Garutti, and F. Ronchi., "New approach to photovoltaic arrays maximum power point tracking," in Proc. of the 30th IEEE Power Electronics Conf., PESC'99, pp. 632-637, 1-1 Jul. 1999. [7] T. Noguchi, S. Togashi, and R. Nakamoto, "Short-current pulse based adaptive maximum-power-point tracking for photovoltaic power generation system," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Ind. Electron, ISIE'00, pp. 157-162, 4-8 Dec. 2000. [8] S. Yuvarajan and S. Xu, "Photo-voltaic power converter with a simple maximum-power-point-tracker," in Proc. Int. Symp. Circuits Syst, ISCAS'03, pp. 399-402, 25-28 May 2003. [9] N. Mutoh, T. Matuo, K. Okada, and M. Sakai, "Prediction-data-based maximum-power-point-tracking method for photovoltaic power generation systems," in Proc. 33rd Annual IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., PESC'02, pp. 1489-1494, 23-27 Jun. 2002. [10] S. L. Brunton, C. W. Rowley, S. R. Kulkarni, and C. Clarkson, "Maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic optimization using ripple-based extremum seeking control," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 2531-2540, Oct. 2010. [11] H. Koizumi and K. Kurokawa, "A novel maximum power point tracking method for PV module integrated converter," in Proc. of the IEEE 36th Power Electronics Specialists Conf., IECON'05, pp. 2081-2086, 6-10 Nov. 2005. [12] K. H. Hussein, "Maximum photovoltaic power tracking: an algorithm for rapidly changing atmospheric conditions," IEE Proceedings of the Transmission and Distribution, vol. 142, no. 1, pp. 59-64, Jan. 1995. [13] L. Bangyin, D. Shanxu, L. Fei, and X. Pengwei, "Analysis and improvement of maximum power point tracking algorithm based on incremental conductance method for photovoltaic array," in Proc. of the 7th Int, Conf. on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, PEDS'07, pp. 637-641, 27-30 Nov. 2007. [14] S. Silvestre and A. Chouder, "Shading effects in characteristic parameters of PV modules," in Proc. Spanish Conf. on Electron Devices, pp. 116-118, 31 Jan.-2 Feb. 2007. [15] M. R. Jamali, A. Arami, B. Hosseini, B. Moshiri, and C. Lucas, "Real time emotional control for anti-swing and positioning control of SIMO overhead travelling crane," International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information, and Control, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 2333-2344, Sept. 2008. [16] G. Bartolini, A. Pisano, and E. Usai, "Second-order sliding-mode control of container cranes," Automatica, vol. 38, 2002. [17] R. M. Milasi, C. Lucas, B. N. Araabi, T. S. Radwan, and M. A. Rahman, "Implementation of emotional controller for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive," in Proc. IEEE/IAS 41st Annual Meeting: Industry Applications, pp. 8-12, Tampa, Florida, USA, 8-12 Oct. 2006. [18] J. Moren and C. Balkenius, "A computational model of emotional learning in the amygdala: from animals to animals," in Proc. of 6th Int. Conf. on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pp. 383-391, 2000. [19] K. EdetBijoy and M. Mohammed, "An approach to reduce noise in speech signals using an intelligent system: BELBIC," An International J., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 120-129, 2011. [20] M. Salhi and R. El-Bachtiri, "Maximum power point tracking controller for PV systems using a PI regulator with boost DC/DC converter," ICGST-ACSE J., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 21-27, Jan. 2009. [21] M. Salhi and R. El-Bachtiri, "A maximum power point control photovoltaic system," in Proc. 18th Mediterranean Conf. on Control & Automation, MED'10, pp. 1579-1584, 23-25 Jun. 2010.V.GhasemianS. A.GholamianS. M.Mirimani921201712112810.66224/ijece.28246.15.2.121http://ijece.org/en/Article/28246http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28246http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28246http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28246http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28246http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28246http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28246http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28246[1] L. Zhong, M. F. Rahman, W. Y. Hu, and K. W. Lim, "Analysis of direct torque control in permanent magnet synchronous motor drives," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 528-536, May 1997. [2] F. Niu, B. Wang, A. S. Babel, K. Li, and E. G. Strangas, "Comparative evaluation of direct torque control strategies for permanent magnet synchronous machines," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 1408-1424, Feb. 2016. [3] L. Tang, L. Zhong, and M. F. Rahman, "A novel direct torque control for interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine drive with low ripple in torque and flux-a speed-sensorless approach," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1748-1756, Nov./ Dec. 2003. [4] M. Pacas and J. Weber, "Predictive direct torque control for the PM synchronous machine," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 1350-1356, Oct. 2005. [5] M. Preindl and S. Bolognani, "Model predictive direct torque control with finite control set for PMSM drive systems, part 1: maximum torqu per ampere operation," IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1912-1921, Nov. 2013. [6] Y. Inoue, S. Morimoto, and M. Sanada, "Examination and linearization of torque control system for direct torque controlled IPMSM," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 159-166, Jan./Feb. 2010. [7] C. A. Martins, X. Roboam, T. A. Meynard, and A. S. Carvalho, "Switching frequency imposition and ripple reduction in DTC drives by using a multilevel converter," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 286-297, Mar. 2002. [8] C. Ortega, A. Arias, C. Caruana, J. Balcells, and G. M. Asher, "Improved waveform quality in the direct torque control of matrix-converter-fed PMSM drives," IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 2101-2110, Jun. 2010. [9] D. Casadei, G. Serra, and A. Tani, "Implementation of a direct control algorithm for induction motors based on discrete space vector modulation," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 769-777, Jul. 2000. [10] Y. Zhang, J. Zhu, Z. Zhao, W. Xu, and D. G. Dorrell, "An improved direct torque control for three-level inverter-fed induction motor sensorless drive," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1502-1513, Mar. 2012. [11] Y. Zhang and J. Zhu, "Direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor with reduced torque ripple and commutation frequency," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 235-248, Jan. 2011. [12] K. Shyu, J. Lin, V. Pham, M. Yang, and T. Wang, "Global minimum torque ripple design for direct torque control of induction motor drives," IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 9, pp. 3148-3156, Sep. 2010. [13] Y. Zhang and J. Zhu, "A novel duty cycle control strategy to reduce bothtorque and flux ripples for DTC of permanent magnet synchronous motordrives with switching frequency reduction," IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 3055-3067, Oct. 2011. [14] Y. Ren, Z. Q. Zhu, and J. Liu, "Direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous machine drives with a simple duty ratio regulator," IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 5249-5258, Oct. 2014.G.Baghersalimi921201712913610.66224/ijece.28247.15.2.129http://ijece.org/en/Article/28247http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28247http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28247http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28247http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28247http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28247http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28247http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28247[1] G. Baghersalimi and T. O'Farrell, "Pilot-aided estimation and equalisation of a Radio-over-Fiber system in wideband code division multiple access," IET Communications, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 999-1007, Jul. 2013. [2] H. Chettat, et al., "Co-simulation-based modeling and performance analysis of hybrid fiber-wireless links," International Journal of Communication Systems, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1361-1372, 2013. [3] A. Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Artech House, 2005. [4] M. Anwar Hossain and M. Tarique, "Effect of multipath fading and multiple access interference on broadband code division multiple access systems," Int. J. Communication Systems, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 874-886, Jul. 2012. [5] G. Baghersalimi, "Performance assessment of a wideband code-division multiple access-based radio-over-fiber system with near-far effect: downlink scenario," Int. J. Communication Systems, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 1056-1064, Jul. 2014. [6] G. Baghersalimi, "A performance study of optical subsystem equalization in a WCDMA-based radio-over-fiber communication system," in Proc. 3rd Int. Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops, ICUMT'11, 5 pp., Budapest, Hungary, 5-7 Oct. 2011. [7] X. N. Fernando and A. B. Seasay, "Characteristics of directly modulated RoF link for wireless access," in Proc. Canadian Conf. on Electrical and Computer Engineering, pp. 2167-2170, 2-5 May 2004. [8] J. Zhang, S. He, and S. Yin, "A memory polynomial predistorter for compensation of nonlinearity with memory effects in WCDMA transmitter," in Proc. Int. Conf. on Communications, Circuits and Systems, ICCCAS'09., pp. 913-916, 23-25 Jul. 2009. [9] M. H. Shafinia, P. Kabir, P. Pad, S. M. Mansouri, and F. Marvasti, "Errorless codes for CDMA systems with near-far effect," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications, 5 pp., 23-27 May 2010. [10] , 3GPP. TS 25.212: Multiplexing and Channel Coding (FDD), 2014. [11] , 3GPP. TS 25.213: Spreading and Modulation (FDD), 2012.S. M.RazaviSeyed-HamidZahiri921201713714210.66224/ijece.28248.15.2.137http://ijece.org/en/Article/28248http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28248http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28248http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28248http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28248http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28248http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28248http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28248[1] J. Spann, V. Kushner, T. J. Thornton, J. Yang, A. Balijepalli, H. J. Barnaby, X. J. Chen, D. Alexander, W. T. Kemp, S. J. Sampson, and M. E. Wood, "Total dose radiation response of CMOS compatible SOI MESFETs," IEEE Trans. Nuclear Science, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 2398-2402, Dec. 2005. [2] C. S. Hou and C. Y. Wu, "A 2-D analytic model for the threshold-voltage of fully depleted short gate-length Si-SOI MESFET," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 2156-2162, Dec. 1995. [3] H. Hjelmgren, F. Allerstam, K. Andersson, P. A. Nilsson, and N. Rorsman, "Transient simulation of microwave SiC MESFETs with improved trap models," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 729-732, Mar. 2010. [4] S. Sriram, et al., "High-gain SiC MESFETs using source-connected field plates," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 952-953, Sept. 2009. [5] C. L. Zhu, Rusli and P. Zhao, "Dual-channel 4H-SiC metal semiconductor field effect transistors," Solid-State Electronic, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 343-346, Mar. 2007. [6] Rusli, C. L. Zhu, P. Zhao, and J. H. Xia, "Characterization of SiC MESFETs with narrow channel layer," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 72-74, Jan. 2006. [7] J. Zhang, Y. Ye, C. Zhou, X. Luo, B. Zhang, and Z. Li, "High breakdown voltage 4H-SiC MESFETs with floating metal strips," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 89-92, Jan. 2008. [8] X. Deng, B. Zhang, Z. Li, and Z. Chen, "Two-dimensional analysis of the surface state effects in 4H-SiC MESFETs," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 295-299, Feb. 2008. [9] A. A. Orouji, S. M. Razavi, S. E. Hosseini, and H. A. Moghadam, "Investigation of the novel attributes in double recessed gate SiC MESFETs at drain side," Semicond. Sci. Technol., vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 115001-115005, Oct. 2011. [10] L. Yang, Y. Zhang, and C. Yu, "A compact model describing the effect of p-buffer layer on the I-V characteristics of 4H-SiC power MESFETs," Solid-State Electronics, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 517-523, Feb. 2005. [11] K. Andersson, M. Sudow, P. A. Nilsson, E. Sveinbjornsson, H. Hjelmgren, J. Nilsson, J. Stahl, H. Zirath, and N. Rorsman, "Fabrication and characterization of field-plated buried-gate SiC MESFETs," IEEE Electron Device Lett., vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 573-575, Jul. 2006. [12] , ATLAS User's Manual, Device Simulation Software, Silvaco International, Sep. 2005. [13] M. Ruff, H. Mitlehner, and R. Helbig, "SiC devices: physics and numerical simulation," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1040-1054, Jun. 1994. [14] H. Linewih, S. Dimitrijev, and K. Y. Cheong, "Channel-carrier mobility parameters for 4H SiC MOSFETs," Microelectronics Rel., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 405-411, Mar. 2003. [15] B. J. Baliga, Modern Power Devices, New York: Wiley Interscience, 1987. [16] S. E. J. Mahabadi, A. A. Orouji, P. Keshavarzi, and H. A. Moghadam, "A new partial SOI-LDMOSFET with a modified buried oxide layer for improving self-heating and breakdown voltage," Semicond. Sci. Technol., vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 95005-950016, Jul. 2011. [17] C. S. Chang, D. Y. S. Day, and S. Chan, "An analytical two-dimentional simulation for the GaAs MESFET drain-induced barrier lowering: a short channel effect," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 1182-1186, May 1990. [18] P. Pandey, B. B. Pal, and S. Jit, "A new 2-D model for the potential distribution and threshold voltage of fully depleted short-channel Si-SOI MESFETs," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 246-254, Feb. 2004. [19] C. L. Zhu, Rusli, C. C. Tin, G. H. Zhang, S. F. Yoon, and J. Ahn, "Improved performance of SiC MESFETs using double-recessed structure," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 92-95, Jan. 2006. [20] J. Zhang, X. Luo, Z. Li, and B. Zhang, "Improved double-recessed 4H-SiC MESFETs structure with recessed source/drain drift region," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 2888-2891, Dec. 2007. [21] M. K. Verma and B. B. Pal, "Analysis of buried gate MESFET under dark and illumination," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 2138-2142, Sep. 2001.S.JamA.Mehboodi921201714314910.66224/ijece.28249.15.2.143http://ijece.org/en/Article/28249http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28249http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28249http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28249http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28249http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28249http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28249http://ijece.org/en/Article/Download/28249[1] R. C. Hansen, "Limitations in antennas," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 170-182, May 1981. [2] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory, Analysis, and Design, ISBN 978-81-265-2422-8, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., U. K., 2013. [3] ح. سعیدیان و ش. جم، "تطبیق امپدانس پهن‌باند آنتن میکرواستریپ با تزویج روزنه برای کاربردهای بی‌سیم،" بیست و یکمین کنفرانس مهندسی برق ایران، 6 صص.، مشهد، 26- 24 ارديبهشت 1392. [4] H. Malekpoor and S. Jam, "Analysis on bandwidth enhancement of compact probe-fed patch antenna with equivalent transmission line model," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 8-1, May 2015. [5] H. Malekpoor and S. Jam, "Design of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna suspended by shorting pins," Wireless Personal Communications (Springer), vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 3059-3068, Jan. 2013. [6] C. Y. D. Sim, J. T. Yeh, C. W. Lin, B. S. Chen, and H. D. Chen, "A slot antenna with circularly polarized radiation for WLAN applications," in Proc. IEEE 4th Asia-Pacific Antennas and Propagation Conf., APCAP'15, pp. 168-169, Kuta, Indonesia, Jun. 2015. [7] S. Sharma, V. N. Saxena, K. Goodwill, S. K. Singh, and K. Sharma, "CPW fed rectangular slot antenna with dual H-slot on ground for wideband wireless applications," in Proc. Int. Conf. Signal Processing and Communication, ICSC'15, pp. 439-442, Noida, India, Mar. 2015. [8] H. Malekpoor and S. Jam, "Ultra-wideband shorted patch antennas FED by folded-patch with multi resonances," Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 44, pp. 309-326, 2012. [9] H. Malekpoor and S. Jam, "Miniaturized asymmetric E-shaped microstrip patch antenna with folded-patch feed," IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 85-91, 2013. [10] H. Malekpoor, A. Bazrkar, S. Jam, and F. Mohajeri, "Miniaturized trapezoidal patch antenna with folded ramp-shaped feed for ultra-wideband applications," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 1935-1947, Mar. 2013. [11] H. Malekpoor and S. Jam, "Enhanced bandwidth of shorted patch antennas using folded-patch techniques," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 12, pp. 198-201, 2013. [12] J. S. McLean, "A re-examination of the fundamental limits on the radiation of electrically small antennas," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propagation, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 672-676, May 1996. [13] B. B. Mandelbrot, The Fractal Geometry of Nature, New York, W. H. Freeman and Company, 1982. [14] K. Falconer, Fractal Geometry-Mathematical Foundations and Applications, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1990. [15] C. Puente-Baliarda, J. Romeu, R. Pous, and A. Cardama, "On the behavior of the sierpinski multiband fractal antenna," IEEE Trans. on Antenna and Propagation, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 517-524, Apr. 1998. [16] O. Hazila, S. A. Aljunid, F. Malek, and A. Sahadah, "Performance comparison between rectangular and circular patch antenna array," in Proc. IEEE Student Conf. on Research and Development, SCOReD'10, pp. 47-51, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 13-14 Dec. 2010. [17] T. Durga Prasad, K. V. Satya Kumar, M. D. Khwaja Muinuddin, C. B. Kanthamma, and V. Santosh Kumar, "Comparisons of circular and rectangular microstrip patch antennas," International J. of Communication Engineering Applications, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 187-197, Jul. 2012. [18] M. H. Zolghadri and S. Jam, "Compact broadband circular polarization antenna for UHF RFID Tags," in Proc. Int. Conf. on Electrical, computer, Mechanical and Mechatronics, ICE'15, Istanbul, Turkey, 27-28 Aug. 2015. [19] H. Oraizi and S. Hedayati, "Miniaturization of microstrip antennas by the novel application of the Giuseppe Peano fractal geometries," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 3559-3567, Aug. 2012.