مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوری فصلنامه مهندسی برق و مهندسی کامپيوتر ايران 16823745 24 2 2026 10 25 Increasing Security in Internet of Things Networks by Transfer Learning استفاده از یادگیری انتقالی برای افزایش امنیت سایبری در شبکه‌های اینترنت اشیا fa آرمان سمیعی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران عرفان خدرصلح دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران هادی شهریار شاه حسینی 2024 9 27 Intrusion detection systems (IDS) play a fundamental role in the defense of computer networks by detecting unauthorized access and investigating possible security breaches. Traditional IDSs face difficulties in combating newly developed sophisticated security attacks. Hence, there is a growing need for an automated intrusion detection solution that can detect malicious activities more accurately. In this paper, a new model of Internet of Things (IoT) network intrusion detection using a neural network based on the pre-trained VGG16 architecture is proposed. The model is a two-stage process: in the first stage, some layers of VGG16 are pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset, and we transfer its weights; in the second stage, fine-tuning is performed specifically to detect penetration in IoT networks. These networks have specific vulnerabilities due to resource limitations, unique protocols, and a variety of devices that require their own intrusion detection methods. The model is applied to UNSW-NB15 and NSL-KDD datasets. The results show that the proposed method can learn effectively by producing real performance in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">سیستم&zwnj;های تشخیص نفوذ <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(IDS) <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">با شناسایی دسترسی غیرمجاز شبکه&zwnj;های کامپیوتری و بررسی نقض&zwnj;های امنیتی احتمالی، نقش اساسی در دفاع از شبکه&zwnj;های کامپیوتری ایفا می&zwnj;کنند. <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">IDS<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> های سنتی برای مبارزه با حملات امنیتی پیچیده جدید ایجاد شده با مشکلاتی مواجه می&zwnj;شوند. از این رو، نیاز روزافزونی به راه&zwnj;حل تشخیص نفوذ خودکار وجود دارد که می&zwnj;تواند فعالیت&zwnj;های مخرب را با دقت بیشتری شناسایی کند. در این مقاله، مدل جدید تشخیص نفوذ شبکه اینترنت اشیا با استفاده از یک شبکه عصبی بر اساس معماری <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">VGG16<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> از پیش آموزش دیده پیشنهاد شده است. مدل یک فرآیند دو مرحله&zwnj;ای است که در مرحله اول برخی از لایه&zwnj;ها <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">VGG16<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> را از پیش بر روی مجموعه داده&zwnj;ی <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">ImageNet<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> آموزش داده&zwnj; شده و وزن&zwnj;های آن را انتقال می&zwnj;دهیم و در مرحله دوم به طور خاص برای تشخیص نفوذ در شبکه&zwnj;های اینترنت اشیا عمل  <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Fine Tuning<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  انجام &zwnj;می&zwnj;شود. زیرا این شبکه&zwnj;ها به دلیل محدودیت&zwnj;های منابع، پروتکل&zwnj;های منحصر به فرد و تنوع دستگاه&zwnj;ها، آسیب&zwnj;پذیری&zwnj;های خاصی دارند که نیازمند روش&zwnj;های تشخیص نفوذ مختص به خود هستند. مدل روی مجموعه داده&zwnj;های <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">UNSW-NB15<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> و <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">NSL-KDD<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> ، اعمال شده است. نتایج نشان می&zwnj;دهد که روش پیشنهاد شده می&zwnj;تواند به طور مؤثر با تولید عملکرد واقعی از نظر <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">accuracy<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">، <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Precision<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">، <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Recall<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> و <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">F1_score<span dir="RTL" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 105%; font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> یاد بگیرد.

http://ijece.org/ar/Article/Download/48089